Historical Evolution and Development of the Various Mass Media

Throughout history there have been several factors that contributed to the historical evolution and development of the various mass media in the United States. Print, broadcast, and electronic media have changed drastically since man was first introduced to them. The speed of these changes are occurring more rapidly now, altering the different forms of media along with it. Though these changes have brought forth many benefits, a few negative impacts have been brought along as well. Print media has been used by people to spread information for centuries, dating all the way back to 59 B.C. by Julius Caesar. Caesar created the â€Å"newspaper† to tell the public about important events. During this time news was written on large white boards, which were located in places where people would usually go. Later the Chinese created the first hand-written newspapers. In 1447, Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press. Gutenberg’s creation made the exchange of people’s i deas much easier. Newspapers did not start having publications on a regular basis until the beginning of the 17th century. Print media completely transformed after the creation of the telegraph in 1844.Then finally in the 19th century, newspapers have became the primary source of news. Since the introduction of broadcast media in the 1900’s, print media has had to reevaluate their position as an information provider. Broadcasting media started with wireless telegraphy which was dots and dashes carried by radio transmissions. Audio broadcasting services that traveled through radio waves sent from a transmitter to an antenna became very popular quickly. People all across the world tuned into their radios regularly to hear current events.Television eventually began to take the place of radio in the 1950’s. During the cold war, shortwave broadcasting played an important role in keeping people informed. FM radio changed younger Americans interest in radio in the 1970â€℠¢s. Many stations would play entire record albums instead of just the top songs. In the 2000’s digital radio and satellite broadcasting became extremely popular. Electronic media is a form of media that uses electronics or electromechanical energy in order for its viewer to receive the content.Electronic media sources most commonly used by most people are audio and video recordings, multimedia and slide presentations, disk, and online content. The newest and most common form of electric media is in the form of digital media. The rise in electronic media can be dated back to the 1960’s. In 1968, the U. S. Department of Defense created a network to where different computers could communicate with one another. A student at the University of Minnesota developed the internet years later. The Web included images, audio and video features, and hypertext links.People can gain unlimited sources of information whenever and whenever through the internet. In the early 1990’ s local and national newspapers became based online. By the early 2000’s most magazines were even located online. Now, electronic media has almost completely taken the place of print media. In my opinion, broadcast media tends to have a uniting influence and it also niches audiences based on demographic consumer needs. People begin to feel a connection with the individuals they watch on television or regularly hear on the radio.This connection makes that or those particular individuals opinion have as huge impact on most of their viewers. MSNBC is known for being more democratic in nature, using social networks as an outlet to promote its cultural hegemony. Broadcasting medias such as MSNBC, Fox News, and PBS are visibly more diversity exemplified as opposed to other stations. They focus on politics and are mainly just concerned with showing their belief in a positive light, while putting a negative spin on other beliefs. Americans should be concerned about this, because it i nfluences people on terms that may not be truthful.Strategies media professionals from different industries have historically used to adapt to societal and technical changes include changing from print media to being online based, business developing pages on social networks, and interacting with its viewers. Certain changes have been made by the different forms of media in order to keep up with the latest trends in technology. I believe in the future, print media will be extinct and electronic media will be the main and maybe even only form of media.When attempting to prosper in the American marketplace, media professionals face the challenges of keeping up with the growing requirement for owners of content to arrange multi-format content in order to fully maximize new forms of digital technology. Legal challenges media professionals face include privacy, advertising, agreement terms, security concerns, and ensuring people with disabilities are able to access their content. In conc lusion, several events have had to take place in order for our several medias to be where they are today.This paper displayed some of the influences broadcasting and print media had on people. Print media has been used to spread information to people since the B. C. years. Digital media had virtually taken the place of print media, causing a drastic decrease in actual newspapers making them and magazines mainly online based. Electronic media continues to dominate all other forms of media and appears to grow even more powerful throughout the years.WORKS CITED Barber, Phil. â€Å"A Brief History of Newspapers†, Historic Newspapers and Early Imprints. 2002. . Bethelsen, John. Internet Hacks: Web News Cashes In†. Asia Times Online, April 2003. . B. L. Yates, . â€Å"History of Broadcast media. † . N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr 2012. . Mathew, Roy. â€Å"Technology Advances in Journalism. † Cyber Journalist: Technology, Tools, Ethics. N. p. , 25 S. Web. 15 Apr 2012 . Middleberg, Donald & Ross, Steven. (March 1996). â€Å"The Media in Cyberspace. † Paper delivered at Columbia University. â€Å"Newspapers: A brief history. † World Association of Newspapers. N. p. , 2004. Web. 15 Apr 2012. . â€Å"Newspapers: The Continent† Columbia Encyclopedia, 6 Ed. , 2003.

Environmental Science Worksheet Essay

1. What would you include in a brief summary on the history of the environmental movement? The environmental movement is closely related with the appearance of environmental awareness. Before 1960, very few people knew the term ecology. Environmental concerns were absent in the political and social spheres. However, a groundbreaking book by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, was published in 1960 and large numbers of people became aware of the consequences of humans’ encroachment upon the nature in terms of the use of highly toxic chemicals like the DDT. Again in this period, various environmental events like oil spills, news about the possible extinction of several species have also helped create an awareness of the issue (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch. 1). People were divided into two camps: environmentalists (those having dismal views that life on earth is in peril) and anti- environmentalists (those opposing the environmentalists and saying science and progress are necessary for humans). Today we have overcome this either-or dichotomy and understood that science and progress do not need to be poised against the environment. Environment can be protected while industrialization and progress are maintained. Clean energy, new environmental regulations, and energy-efficiency are belied to help humans protect the nature. 2. Explain the main point concerning exponential growth and whether it is good or bad. Compare exponential growth to a logistic growth curve and explain how these might apply to human population growth. What promotes exponential growth? What constrains population growth? Exponential growth is occurs when a population increases by a fixed percentage every year. Exponential growth is encouraged in the nature when a species is introduced to a new environment or when the population of a species is small and environmental conditions are suitable for the species. However, exponential growth does not last long in the nature. Exponential growth is bad since continuously high reproduction rate for a species places extreme pressure on ecosystems. Logistic growth curve explains how exponential growth is stopped by limiting factors like natural resources. A population might grow sharply at the beginning but as the limiting factors (like water, space, food, predators, and disease) come into play, the growth levels off (Withgott & Brennan, 2009, p. 85). As for human population, exponential growth is promoted by new medicines that staved off many diseases, dependable supply of food all around the year through scientific agriculture involving artificial fertilizers, and the eradication of predators. As for the limiting factors, lack of urban space, collapse of habitats supporting human life, war, occasional epidemics (like AIDS or flu), and declining fertility of overused agricultural areas are all serious obstacles to higher population growth. 3.Compare predictions for human population growth in developed countries versus developing countries. Why is it difficult to predict the growth of Earth’s human population? Why should population growth be predicted?†? What will happen if there is exponential human growth? Human population and its dynamics have very important implications for the nature. Exponential human growth would have disastrous effects on the nature because a larger population means greater need for space (and hence, enlargement of cities into virgin territories), for food (turning more virgin territory into agricultural lands), for water (diverting more water resources into cities for human use and endangering animals and plants). So, population growth should be predicted to better reconcile the future needs with the necessity of protecting nature. Population predictions allow decision makers to make adjustments. Healthcare system, education, national security, and economics are the main areas that population predictions affect. Population growth predictions for developed and developing countries differ widely. This is due to the so-called demographic transition. In an underdeveloped country, birth and death rates are high and the actual population growth is low. However, industrialization leads to improvement in health and death rates decrease as a result while birth rate is still high. Then, at the next stage, a high growth rate is maintained. But education and material welfare increase and family-planning methods are widely adopted. Consequently, birth rate decreases and nears the death rate. A zero growth rate occurs. Developed nations like the US, Germany, and Japan are at the furthest stage of population growth while developing nations experience declining death rates and still increasing birth rates. It is difficult to predict the growth of Earth’s human population because there is always the possibility of a natural disaster, and it is not certain whether some developing nations can arrive at zero-growth stage before facing catastrophic circumstances (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch. 4). 4. How do principles of system theory apply to the Earth as a living system? Explain interactions between humans and natural ecosystems. The system theory and especially the Gaia Hypothesis see the Earth as a living system. According to this hypothesis, life changes the environment for the continuation of life. Hence the conclusion is the Earth can achieve physiological self†regulation. The principles of the system theory can be summed as follows: systems respond to inputs and outputs through the feedback mechanism. Positive feedback hurts the balance while negative feedback promotes stability. Relations between inputs and outputs of systems can be various: linear, exponential, or defined by a logistic curve. The so-called principle of environmental unity basically holds that every component of the environment affects another component. According to the principle of uniformitarian’s, we can forecast environmental conditions in the future by looking at the past and present trends. Change in the nature can be slow, rapid, sudden or expected. Interactions between humans and natural ecosystems occur can be explained through all these principles (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch. 3).

Broken Family

A vast majority of my friends, peers, and coworkers have a relationship with at least one parent. It has really caused me to question a lot about my faith, myself, and the fairness of not being able to choose one’s parents. The idea of a parent is a tough one. What does it take to make a parent? What is a good parent and what is a bad parent? Absentee parents fall somewhere in between because even if they live at the same address as their children, they’re emotionally unavailable. According to dictionary. com,  the definition for parent  is: a mother or a father. I’m no expert on the etymology of words, but I think we should redefine parents a bit. A parent is someone who loves, nurtures, and cares for their young. There are plenty of â€Å"parents† in the world who may not have bore children of their body but have certainly bore children of their heart. As a young Christian, I have been tormented by my relationship with my mother and my other family members. Over the years, my relationship with her and my siblings has deteriorated tremendously. On the one hand, Christians are told to be loving. We are to endure with one another and bare with one another. This is noble philosophy and life doctrine but implementation of it is excruciating. How do we know when to â€Å"endure with one and bare with one another† and when to draw the line to protect ourselves from mistreatment? I have grappled with this concept for years. When I have asked my friends their opinion, most of them shrug their shoulders and insist that I have to accept my family how they are. Obviously, these are individuals with relatively functional families. They have no idea what I’m subjecting myself by toughing it out and â€Å"dealing† with some of my relatives. Only until recently has God really started drawing my attention or I’ve been more attentive, to what His word says about parents and baring with them. A few days ago, I read 1 Kings 19: 20-21. It says: â€Å"Elisha then left his oxen and ran after Elijah. Let me kiss my father and mother good-by,† he said, â€Å"and then I will come with you. † â€Å"Go back,† Elijah replied. â€Å"What have I done to you? â€Å"†¦. Then he set out to follow Elijah and became his attendant. † In this verse, Elisha does not go back to his parents. Instead, he leaves his farming equipment and speeds to follow Elijah. In Hebrews 11:24, the Bible says â€Å"By faith Moses, when he had grown up, refused to be known as the son of Pharaoh’s daughter. † In reality, Moses was the adopted son of Pharaoh’s daughter but here’s where the debate on parents comes in. Pharaoh’s daughter had parented Moses as if he were her own son. But Moses refused this tie to the Pharaoh’s daughter. Similarly, Christians are free to cast down false relationship or ties to people by faith. Being cared for as a child is important but it should not be the sole reason why we keep contact with or relate to people that did so. Parenting is so much more that providing for a child. It is having a relationship with a child. I am sure that there are many people who have family problems. Not everyone needs to disown their parents and siblings to deal with it but sometimes it is necessary and even ordained by God. In Genesis 12:1, the Bible says: â€Å"The Lord had said to Abram, â€Å"Leave your country, your people and your fathers’ household and go to the land I will show you. † The very first book in the Bible contains a story where God ordains a mighty man to leave his father’s household. We are not meant to stay with our parents forever. There are plenty of stories throughout the Bible of people being at odds with family members. The story of Joseph is a prime example of sibling rivalry and dissension that leads to Joseph being betrayed and sold into slavery. His brothers were his blood kin but they did not have his best interest at heart. Maybe one way to analyze the story of Joseph is to say that God recognized the jealousy in the brothers of Joseph. Hence, he decided that it was even better for him to be sold into slavery than to live around a den of jealousy amongst â€Å"family ties†. Mothers, you can’t live with ’em and you can’t live without ’em. But God says that He will not leave us even when our mothers do. In my post:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In my Darkest Hours†¦ â€Å", I discuss the tension that can exist between family in greater depth. That post also talks about God’s response as a loving Father and how He intervenes in these circumstances. How do you define a parent? Have you ever had a really tumultuous relationship with a parent that you couldn’t over come? If you did overcome it, how so? Do you think that God may be calling you to something greater that will draw you away from conventional family ties? When do you bare with a parent, and when is it time to walk away from emotionally abusive relationships? 1. Isang pamilyang di magkasundo o/at magkahiwalay or divorced. 2. Ang broken family ay ung pamilyang nagkawatak watak kaya ngakakaroon ng broken family ay dahil sa ating mga magulang na hindi nagkakaunawaan. . If the father and the mother decided not to stay with each other because of their difference then that’s what you called broken family. News Print Article  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Email Friend  Ã‚  |  Ã‚  Reprint Permissions Broken Family Structure Leads to Educational Difficulties for Children By Gudrun Schultz UNITED STATES, January 16, 2006 (LifeSiteNews. com) – The U. S Center for Marria ge and Family released a study in November 2005 that shows broken family structures consistently lead to education difficulties for children. When it comes to educational achievement,† the study says, â€Å"children living with their own married parents do significantly better than other children. † The report found that children from non-intact families (children living in a situation other than with their own married father and mother) have significantly higher rates of difficulty with all levels of education, from pre-kindergarten through to primary, secondary, and college-age levels. Each year a child spends with a single mother or stepparent â€Å"reduces that child’s overall educational attainment by approximately one-half year† suggests the report. The study, a comprehensive review of recent academic research on the relationship between family structures and children’s academic performance, compared education outcomes from children growing up with their own married parents to children in non-intact family structures such as divorced, single, remarried or cohabiting parents. Family structure was consistently found to be the deciding factor in a wide range of child behaviors that directly influence academic performance, including emotional and psychological distress, attention disorders, social misbehavior, substance abuse, sexual activity and teen pregnancy. Children from non-intact homes had higher rates of stress, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, particularly as teenagers. The study found that preschool children from broken homes were three times more likely to suffer from attention deficit disorders than children from intact homes. Children from single-parent homes suffered from more physical health problems, as well. Pre-school children from single-parent homes were also less likely to be read to or given help with letter-recognition. A During elementary school, children from non-intact families scored consistently lower on reading comprehension and math, and had more difficulty maintaining their grade levels overall. Children from married parents had much lower rates of behavioral problems in the classroom than children who did not live with married parents. In particular, boys from broken marriages showed a higher rate of classroom misbehavior. For teenagers, students from broken homes were 30 percent more likely to miss school, be late, or cut class than students from intact homes, in part because single parents had more difficulty monitoring their children. These children were also at higher risk for smoking, using drugs and consuming alcohol. Teenagers from non-intact families were more likely to be sexually active and had higher rates of pregnancy. Girls from divorced single-mother homes were at greatest risk for teenage pregnancy. The study also found that children who were in a single-parent or step-parent home by the time they were ten were more than twice as likely to be arrested by age 14. A Children who never lived with their own father had the highest likelihood of being arrested. The study reports that a majority of U. S. children will have spent a significant part of their childhood in a one-parent home by the time they reach 18. Single parent homes in the U. S. nearly doubled in the period from 1968-2003. Family Structure and Children’s Educational Outcomes: http://www. americanvalues. org/briefs/edoutcomes. htm broken family is one where the parents (mother and father) of a child or children have split up and no longer share a single family home as a family unit. This is also known as a broken home. Broken Family Broken Family A vast majority of my friends, peers, and coworkers have a relationship with at least one parent. It has really caused me to question a lot about my faith, myself, and the fairness of not being able to choose one’s parents. The idea of a parent is a tough one. What does it take to make a parent? What is a good parent and what is a bad parent? Absentee parents fall somewhere in between because even if they live at the same address as their children, they’re emotionally unavailable. According to dictionary. com,  the definition for parent  is: a mother or a father. I’m no expert on the etymology of words, but I think we should redefine parents a bit. A parent is someone who loves, nurtures, and cares for their young. There are plenty of â€Å"parents† in the world who may not have bore children of their body but have certainly bore children of their heart. As a young Christian, I have been tormented by my relationship with my mother and my other family members. Over the years, my relationship with her and my siblings has deteriorated tremendously. On the one hand, Christians are told to be loving. We are to endure with one another and bare with one another. This is noble philosophy and life doctrine but implementation of it is excruciating. How do we know when to â€Å"endure with one and bare with one another† and when to draw the line to protect ourselves from mistreatment? I have grappled with this concept for years. When I have asked my friends their opinion, most of them shrug their shoulders and insist that I have to accept my family how they are. Obviously, these are individuals with relatively functional families. They have no idea what I’m subjecting myself by toughing it out and â€Å"dealing† with some of my relatives. Only until recently has God really started drawing my attention or I’ve been more attentive, to what His word says about parents and baring with them. A few days ago, I read 1 Kings 19: 20-21. It says: â€Å"Elisha then left his oxen and ran after Elijah. Let me kiss my father and mother good-by,† he said, â€Å"and then I will come with you. † â€Å"Go back,† Elijah replied. â€Å"What have I done to you? â€Å"†¦. Then he set out to follow Elijah and became his attendant. † In this verse, Elisha does not go back to his parents. Instead, he leaves his farming equipment and speeds to follow Elijah. In Hebrews 11:24, the Bible says â€Å"By faith Moses, when he had grown up, refused to be known as the son of Pharaoh’s daughter. † In reality, Moses was the adopted son of Pharaoh’s daughter but here’s where the debate on parents comes in. Pharaoh’s daughter had parented Moses as if he were her own son. But Moses refused this tie to the Pharaoh’s daughter. Similarly, Christians are free to cast down false relationship or ties to people by faith. Being cared for as a child is important but it should not be the sole reason why we keep contact with or relate to people that did so. Parenting is so much more that providing for a child. It is having a relationship with a child. I am sure that there are many people who have family problems. Not everyone needs to disown their parents and siblings to deal with it but sometimes it is necessary and even ordained by God. In Genesis 12:1, the Bible says: â€Å"The Lord had said to Abram, â€Å"Leave your country, your people and your fathers’ household and go to the land I will show you. † The very first book in the Bible contains a story where God ordains a mighty man to leave his father’s household. We are not meant to stay with our parents forever. There are plenty of stories throughout the Bible of people being at odds with family members. The story of Joseph is a prime example of sibling rivalry and dissension that leads to Joseph being betrayed and sold into slavery. His brothers were his blood kin but they did not have his best interest at heart. Maybe one way to analyze the story of Joseph is to say that God recognized the jealousy in the brothers of Joseph. Hence, he decided that it was even better for him to be sold into slavery than to live around a den of jealousy amongst â€Å"family ties†. Mothers, you can’t live with ’em and you can’t live without ’em. But God says that He will not leave us even when our mothers do. In my post:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In my Darkest Hours†¦ â€Å", I discuss the tension that can exist between family in greater depth. That post also talks about God’s response as a loving Father and how He intervenes in these circumstances. How do you define a parent? Have you ever had a really tumultuous relationship with a parent that you couldn’t over come? If you did overcome it, how so? Do you think that God may be calling you to something greater that will draw you away from conventional family ties? When do you bare with a parent, and when is it time to walk away from emotionally abusive relationships? 1. Isang pamilyang di magkasundo o/at magkahiwalay or divorced. 2. Ang broken family ay ung pamilyang nagkawatak watak kaya ngakakaroon ng broken family ay dahil sa ating mga magulang na hindi nagkakaunawaan. . If the father and the mother decided not to stay with each other because of their difference then that’s what you called broken family. News Print Article  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Email Friend  Ã‚  |  Ã‚  Reprint Permissions Broken Family Structure Leads to Educational Difficulties for Children By Gudrun Schultz UNITED STATES, January 16, 2006 (LifeSiteNews. com) – The U. S Center for Marria ge and Family released a study in November 2005 that shows broken family structures consistently lead to education difficulties for children. When it comes to educational achievement,† the study says, â€Å"children living with their own married parents do significantly better than other children. † The report found that children from non-intact families (children living in a situation other than with their own married father and mother) have significantly higher rates of difficulty with all levels of education, from pre-kindergarten through to primary, secondary, and college-age levels. Each year a child spends with a single mother or stepparent â€Å"reduces that child’s overall educational attainment by approximately one-half year† suggests the report. The study, a comprehensive review of recent academic research on the relationship between family structures and children’s academic performance, compared education outcomes from children growing up with their own married parents to children in non-intact family structures such as divorced, single, remarried or cohabiting parents. Family structure was consistently found to be the deciding factor in a wide range of child behaviors that directly influence academic performance, including emotional and psychological distress, attention disorders, social misbehavior, substance abuse, sexual activity and teen pregnancy. Children from non-intact homes had higher rates of stress, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, particularly as teenagers. The study found that preschool children from broken homes were three times more likely to suffer from attention deficit disorders than children from intact homes. Children from single-parent homes suffered from more physical health problems, as well. Pre-school children from single-parent homes were also less likely to be read to or given help with letter-recognition. A During elementary school, children from non-intact families scored consistently lower on reading comprehension and math, and had more difficulty maintaining their grade levels overall. Children from married parents had much lower rates of behavioral problems in the classroom than children who did not live with married parents. In particular, boys from broken marriages showed a higher rate of classroom misbehavior. For teenagers, students from broken homes were 30 percent more likely to miss school, be late, or cut class than students from intact homes, in part because single parents had more difficulty monitoring their children. These children were also at higher risk for smoking, using drugs and consuming alcohol. Teenagers from non-intact families were more likely to be sexually active and had higher rates of pregnancy. Girls from divorced single-mother homes were at greatest risk for teenage pregnancy. The study also found that children who were in a single-parent or step-parent home by the time they were ten were more than twice as likely to be arrested by age 14. A Children who never lived with their own father had the highest likelihood of being arrested. The study reports that a majority of U. S. children will have spent a significant part of their childhood in a one-parent home by the time they reach 18. Single parent homes in the U. S. nearly doubled in the period from 1968-2003. Family Structure and Children’s Educational Outcomes: http://www. americanvalues. org/briefs/edoutcomes. htm broken family is one where the parents (mother and father) of a child or children have split up and no longer share a single family home as a family unit. This is also known as a broken home.

Development of the cotton economy in the South 1776-1860 Essay

Development of the cotton economy in the South 1776-1860 - Essay Example The Northern merchants reaped huge gains from cotton trade as they were engaged in buying cotton from farmers and exporting it to England in exchange for manufactured products. According to Seavoy (184), the trade business in North American states was actually an international affair as those in the North would export to foreign markets the cotton they had bought from the southern farmers. The economic success for both the north and south lay on the support of the southern slaves, which saw the emergence of capitalism, slavery/ forced labor and the civil war. This paper looks at the impacts of cotton farming and the long term effects it had on the American history. Development of the cotton economy in the South The economy of North America and South America differed in that the northerners chose manufacturing system while the southerners chose landowning aristocracy. The aristocratic federal system allowed a high degree of independence as labor was drawn from various fronts. Demand f or labor rose sharply in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in both North and South America. Northern immigrants came from Europe and were excellently absorbed into society while Southern immigrants came from Africa and they were not absorbed. ... They were sold to Southern American planters. Instead of paying the immigrants themselves, planters in the South paid the ship captains. Due to capitalism, the planters overworked the immigrants in order to pay higher prices to ship captains. Southern immigrants as well as their children became slaves for their entire lives. The slaves were increasingly used to grow cotton in the South. Cotton accounted for fifty percent of all American exports and the South generated more than fifty percent of the global supply of cotton in 1840. This enormous production, as Walton and Rockoff, (p 125) and say held many foreign countries in partial repression. By then, Britain was the leader in terms of industrial power, and its most pertinent manufacture was cotton cloth. Southerners repressed nations like Britain as they perfectly knew that Britain was attached to them mostly by raw cotton. This dependence gave them an invigorating sense of power. The South grew rapidly as a result of cotton and d iversified agriculture. The rapacious craving for cotton in Lancashire matched the increasing production in the South driven by vitality of slave institutions and availability of cotton growing land. The immorality of enslaving Africans has continuously haunted American economic history. African enslavement became a prime factor in antebellum politics and a pertinent aspect in the civil war. Even today, the role of blacks in American history and economy persists. The antebellum Southern encounter was largely as a result of peculiar slavery institution. Cotton economy restrains industrialization in the south Cotton economy in the South

Sustainale management futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainale management futures - Essay Example Apparently, the author argued that business and ethics are two contradictory notions that have been brought together. Nonetheless, growing corporate malpractices has highlighted demand of corporate or business ethics significantly. Crane and Matten (2010) defined business ethics as assessment of a particular business situation or activity or decision that involve moral dilemma related to right and wrong. In business ethics, moral correctness is stress upon instead of commercially, strategically and financially correctness. Although there are several instances of violation of business ethics, one of the greatest scandals from gas and oil industry has been selected for evaluation with respect to two ethical theories. The paper will evaluate incident of Gulf Oil Spill by British Petroleum (BP) in the lights of Utilitarianism theory and Kant’s Ethics of duties or deontology theory. The oil and gas industry has been considered for evaluation of ethical crisis in business because this industry is one of the essential sectors from the perspective of economic development and environmental impact. The United States alone consist of 24.7 percent of global oil share while accommodating other subsectors such as exploration and production of oil and gas. Significant oil and gas reserved in the nation has attracted several global players such as British Petroleum (Marketline, 2012a; Marketline, 2014). Oil spill is often considered as an unavoidable situation in the process of drilling and extraction but the situation can cause havoc if goes uncontrolled. Two such critical examples are spill by Exxon Valdez in the gulf coast of Alaska and BP spill at the Gulf of Mexico. Prior to discussing the spill and its ethical consequences, brief introduction regarding BP Plc has been provided in the following section (Hanson, 2014). BP Plc was founded in 1901 and currently, it is considered as one of the largest oil and gas

(whatever you want) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

(whatever you want) - Essay Example But the 21st century may see the end of this global system. The peripheral regions have been exploited, and new powers and systems are rising up to challenge the established order, namely religious fundamentalism and the failed state. With a lack of new regions to exploit, the primacy of the United States will wane as these other competing powers gain momentum. In the article, â€Å"In U.S. Visit, Brown to Urge ‘New Deal’†, (Sullivan, 2009) we read of Prime Minister Tony Brown’s visit to the United States to visit President Barak Obama. They are there to discuss the global financial crisis that their countries find themselves in. They pledged to cooperate with the other Group of 20 (G-20) countries that have all seen considerable amounts of capital and supposed wealth disappear over the past year. This article exemplifies this theory because the whole meeting is concerned with returning the global economy to a status quo, namely the continuation of concentration of capital in the United States and the other strongly capitalistic countries of the world. Talk centered exclusively on stimulating the economies of the G-20 nations while nations on the fringe of the core capitalistic nations were

The Transplant in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Transplant in UK - Essay Example However, when the supply increases, those who supply organs receive less compensation. There is also the risk of contamination of organs that could possibly be Hepatitis B or HIV positive. There are a host transport issues as well. Donor organs must be kept on an ice and used within a short time frame, to be considered optimal transplant material. â€Å"Organs such as kidneys and livers have to be taken and transplanted within 48 hours of death; typically they are transplanted within five hours†. There are several European nations within a 2-3 hour flight to the UK, depending on the location. This type of limitation may be necessary to ensure quality and viability. The time constraint would eliminate possible trade between nations who frequently trade in other industries. For instance, with an 8-9 hour flight from the east coast of the U.S. to London, this would not be viable. In terms of suppliers and transporters, increases in donor organs could translate into increased need for transport services, creating more jobs. It would also require more nurses and support staff to accommodate increases in transplant procedures. This is certain to stimulate growth in the health care industry. However, insurance companies are still hesitant to pay for such procedures. This limits the number of patients who can actually afford to pay the current costs for transplantation. If supply increases, cost to the patient should be reduced, given that there are fewer possible recipients vying for the same kidney.

How A Bill Becomes A law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How A Bill Becomes A law - Term Paper Example This information can be used to better the nation, local community, career, and life as it moves forward. All Roads Lead to Congress is a case study of the proposal and passage of H.R. 3: Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation Equity Act (SAFETEA - LU) from the 109th Congress 2005 - 2006. This case study is presented from two different authors’ perspectives. One author is a political scientist, Costas Panagopoulos, and the other is an urban planner, Joshua Schank, who has been involved in transportation his entire career. Schank was Senator Hillary Clinton’s transportation fellow being brought in from Columbia University specifically to help work on this bill specifically. The book is organized by chapters telling the reader simply, â€Å"How a bill becomes law; bill introduction and markup; floor fight; conference; back to the drawing board; passage and politics; and the aftermath. In Chapter one, The four P’s are discussed including power, proc ess, policy, pots of money (price). Members of congress are most concerned about getting re-elected and use position taking, credit claiming, and advertising to get ahead. The suggestion is made that politicians worry more and do more about advertising their pork barrel projects than they do about passing solid pieces of legislation. Since their primary concern from day one in office is with getting re-elected, every move they make centers on that issue, the entire time they are in office. Public opinion of Congress as a whole is typically low, but constituent approval of some individual members of Congress is high. Transportation is a popular place to include pork barrel projects. There is a lot of detail provided in each chapter about what happens behind the scenes in the Congressional process, regarding deadlines, extensions of deadlines, â€Å"constituent meeting†, â€Å"surrogate meeting†, stall tactics, additional conversations, and so on, all in an effort to get a working piece of legislation that a bi-partisan group will be comfortable passing (p. 31). This bill was introduced in the house May 14, 2003 and was signed into law August 10, 2005 by President Bush. The final act was passed before the bridge collapse in Minnnesota on August 1, 2007, on I-35W at the height of rush hour. The bridge, as well as fifty vehicles, fell into the Mississippi River. Five people were killed. The investigation showed that popular, new roads and projects were funded, while the mundane, routine and maintenance projects were neglected. This was not the direct cause of the accident, but transportation has been bankrolling many other projects than the maintenance and safety of the existing roadways for years. The path taken by the highway funding bill followed the schematic in Figure 1.1 on page 6 of Panagopoulos and Schank. The bill is draft and proposed to both the House and the Senate. The Senate and House have committees that the bill goes to. In the commit tees the bill is marked up and reported out back to the Senate or the House with recommended changes. The bill then goes to the House rules committee. The bill post revisions makes its’ way back to the Senate and House floor for discussion, which if proceeding forward, follows with conference meetings to reconcile the differences between the Senate and the House. The

Women rights in Brazil and Egypt Research Paper

Women rights in Brazil and Egypt - Research Paper Example This brought a completely new religion and an all new language. To highlight a current issue of this country, I have gone through a number of media sources and newspapers. The Daily News Egypt is a newspaper that examines various national and global affairs from an Egyptian frame of reference. Al-Masry Al-Youm, on the other hand is an independent news agency that is operational in Egypt. These are the key resources that will be utilized to discuss, elaborate and examine the chosen current issue (Tignor 2011). Brazil, with its capital Brasilia is the second region under debate. The country has a population of 195.4 million. Social conditions can be bitter in big regions of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where up to third of total population resides in slums. To point out a current issue of this country, I have gone through a book called Latin American women: historical perspectives By Asuncion Lavrin. I have also analyzed details available on BBC.co.uk, an online news source that provi des political, cultural and economic insights (BBC 2010). As I researched the above mentioned sources, I found out that women’s right is an issue that is highly being focused.... Many women gathered at Tahrir Square on 8th March, 2011. Their ultimate aim was to remind the government that women make up half of the country and that they should have a say in the construction of a new Egypt. Throughout the uprising of Egypt, while women have played important roles in street protests, they remained silent regarding gender rights in their country. Due to this, they have not only faced aggressive discrimination but also received minimal legal aid against sexual abuse and widespread violence. The second article â€Å"Paving a Way for Women in Brazil† which has been written by Luisita Lopez Torregrosa (2011) and published in the New York Times highlights Dilma Rousseff’s speech at the U.N. General Assembly in the month of September. She, as the first ever female president of Brazil declared this century to be one for the women adding that her motive is to spread democracy and provide equal rights. Ms. Rousseff has taken steps to appoint women at prestigi ous posts such as chief of staff, institutional relations minister as well as planning minister. It has been observed that Brazilian women have made considerable advancement on closing gaps in fields of education and health but there are still gaps in wages, labor force, and the ratio of women’s unemployment and in their contribution to superior levels of hierarchies in businesses. If we compare the two, in order to emerge as prosperous nations, both these countries need to solve women’s right issues on a serious note. As compared to Brazil, women in Egypt are not given much chances as of yet, to contribute in the political sector. Even though they played a prominent role throughout Egypt uprising, they are not been given enough chances to grow and

The British Royal Marine Corps' Influence on The United States Marine Research Paper - 1

The British Royal Marine Corps' Influence on The United States Marine Corps - Research Paper Example However, in recent times there have outliers to this assumption. Cases of colonialism are still evident in this modern period. Logic dictates that this practice should have been abandoned alongside other practises like slavery. It is expected that the natives should not be all too willing to undergo colonization. As such, in this respect this paper is dedicated to the study of Indian attitudes and reactions to the presence of the British Empire in their land. When the British gained control of India, they resulted to treating the Indians akin to slaves. Stating that the British treated Indians cruelly would be an understatement. This was bound to evoke feelings of reprisal in the Indian community. In order to understand the complexities of the reactions of the Indians towards the British, it is imperative to first analyse the manner in which the British authority treated the Indians. The facts that have been publicized concerning the British rule in India give a glimpse of the sad realties that faced the Indian population at that time. With respect to the British population in India at the time, the Indians did not have any rights. An example of the treatment they faced is best exemplified by the fact that they were not allowed to walk on the sidewalks next to the British. Failure to adhere to this and any other baseless law resulted in the incarceration of the Indian outlaw. It is right to refer to wrong doers as such, since they basically received treatment akin to outlaws. While inside the jails and prisons, the Indians were severely beaten and abused by the commanding British police officers. The treatment of the Indians at that time is akin to the treatment of the black population by the Americans in the nineteenth century. It is however imperative to note that this had not always been the status quo. In fact, at the beginning of the British presence in India, the relationship between the British and Indians was quite

Public Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Public Human Resource Management Essay Please respond to the following: * Analyze the topics discussed in Chapter 1, with the exception of the laws. Select two topics and discuss two positive effects and two challenges the topic poses for human resource departments in the public sector. Performance Managementfor human resource departments it is important; to utilize the skills, focus and provide incentives for employees that are based on performance to achieve the organization’s goal. Human resource departments need to provide training and programs that are accessible to help enhance members of the organization’s learning with constant changes in policies and procedures. Two challenges posed to human resource departments; the inability to provide essential information to access or evaluate an employee’s performance accurately, Failure to provide quality and satisfactory customers services to connect with a task group with the strategies and plans the organization has implemented. Improvement in Labor Managementfor human resource departments it mean networking and communicating with various industrials and labor force can be a way to improve relationships even though they may not agree on some issues. Implementing policies and strategic plans that will benefit the public and private globally as well as nationally is vital in society today. Challenges posed to human resource departments; a human resource department or union disputing and failing to negotiation and resolve an issue, Trends in the change or advancement of technology and the ability of human resource departments to deal with the change especially in a global labor market. The outsourcings of jobs and employees that perform their jobs without being in a traditional workplace can create challenges for human resource departments when there is less or no communication among staff. Two topics that have an effect for human resources are 1) Recruitment and 2) Training and development. Two positive effects for recruitment is that there is a need to  fill 300k positions annually, and their is a need to attract quality applicants. Two challenges for Recruitment are recruiting qualified applicants, and keeping up with the rapid pace to hire the most qualified applicants. Two positive effects for training and development is that it will allow employees to take advantage of gaining knowledge to increase their chances of getting promoted. It will also allow companies to attract the best employees. Two challenges would consist of the cost for setting up training and development, and the alloted time allowed for an employee to complete neccessary training. Week1-Dq2 Public Human Resource Management in the News Please respond to the following: * From the e-Activities, discuss the current event you reviewed from the selected agency and determine the cause of the issue, noting if the cause was due to neglected public bureaucracies from elected and appointed officials. Discuss at least two results of the issue. Using USA.gov, I chose to investigate the United States Postal Service (USPS) agency. I was aware that this group was in financial strain for some time, but I found it interesting to review some of the latest information regarding key problems and possible solutions. Currently, the USPS operates with about 650,000 unionized personnel. Employees sort, package, transport, and deliver the public mail. Although the organization charges for its services (postage rates, etc), as an agency, much of its budget is subsidized by public funds. In discussing the current situation, the Washington Post reported, â€Å"first-class mail volume [is] plummeti ng as Americans conduct more business and communications through the Internet.† Perhaps what is most important is the fact that this trend is continuing as the USPS reportedly lost $16 billion in the 2012 fiscal year. For this reason the USPS issue has been debated in Congress for years and has recently been one of several key debates for lawmakers during the â€Å"fiscal cliff† dilemma. In the past Congress has had difficulty deciding whether to adopt solutions such as suspending Saturday delivery and limiting other specialty services. Also, there is the question of how much public money should go to USPS employee retirement benefits and labor contracts. To many individuals, this is traditionally seen as a bureaucratic problem; however, personally I do not believe that the problem is purely the result of public  sector negligence. Like many government services, it is more likely that the answer lies in serious reform rather than complete suspension. Interestingly, I located an article about the nonprofit National Academy of Public Administration – that suggested a kind of public/private hybrid approach to fix the USPS’s difficulties. The concept entails â€Å"farming out† much of the behind the scenes process while a federal letter carrier would still handle front-line delivery services. What is apparent is that there are several significant results from this issue including the continuing postal rate increases, the reduction of service (e.g. limited post office hours), and continued legislative debate of whether this public service is vital enough to continue to ask taxpayers to subsidize what seems to be a failing business formula. http://www.usa.gov/directory/federal/us-postal-service.shtml http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/think-tank-to-study-privatizing-most-postal-service-operations/2013/01/03/2adc0b08-55ed-11e2-8b9e-dd8773594efc_story.html http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/universal-service-postal-monopoly-history.pdf http://www.gao.gov/assets/210/203772.pdf wk2dq1 Building HRM Capacity Please respond to the following: * Imagine you are the consultant for the agency you selected in the Week 1 e-Activity (you may choose from one of the e-Activities). Assume the selected agency is large but poorly performing in a highly visible public program which did not have performance measures for employees. The public program serves over two million citizens across the 52 states. Propose and provide a rationale for two change strategies to address the agency’s performance. * Propose two methods of performance measures for the department to meet within six months. Provide a rationale for each method. * In week one I selected to analyze the United States Postal Service (USPS). Over the past decade this agency has been under increasing scrutiny regarding operation costs, procedures and personnel. Since last week’s discussion I took a few minutes to speak to my postal carrier in order to gain some perspective on internal communication within the agency. It was  surprising to learn that the departments within the organization are isolated in such a way that – with exception to â€Å"water cooler† talk – most USPS workers have about the same understanding of the agency’s problem as the general public. * * After reading the â€Å"Instructor’s Insight† supplemental article, I started to consider how the USPS personnel might benefit from a more constitutional administrative approach. Like many, I have noticed that customer service (or just simple pride in the job) is severely lacking with many USPS employees. Considering today’s job market, one would assume that individuals would take their work and team management very seriously. One might also say that it appears that some postal workers are immune from accountability. * * This said, one of the strategies that I would implement would be to reform the organizational culture. It should be a privilege to be employed by and serve the American people, while also being trusted to process citizens’ personal property. I agree with Newbold’s (2010) article, in that, public personnel members should pledge to uphold the U.S. Constitution through their service. I also feel that department management should be given the authority to make certain that this new attitude sustains. A simple professional attitude change within the organization can lead to greater productivity, and it could be measured in 6-months via public reaction (exit surveys, media reports, increase in sales, etc). * * After reading Chapter 2 in the Riccucci (2012) book, it also became apparent to me that the method in which recruiting and managing personnel could also benefit from change. In the section regarding â€Å"Strengthening Teaching† Klinger (2012) writes, â€Å"†¦transition includes ethical competencies: the ability to balance conflicting expectations like employee rights and organizational effectiveness†¦ (p22)† Balancing job productivity and employee needs is a challenge in almost every industry. Perhaps another solution might be to focus not only on hiring quality personnel, but continually reassessing employee qualities and how it might best serve the organization. * * Individuals can be motivated by compensation; however, exceptional performance tends to stem from passion. My recommendation would be that 21st-century HRM has to be focused on the individual’s strengths and weaknesses and not what the worker’s union requires. This in my opinion is currently a shortcoming of the USPS. Therefore, I would offer a 6-month challenge that involves department managers communicating with each staff members every 2 to 4 weeks – and document at least one unique item that each staff person could offer that would benefit the USPS operation team. I believe that with a slow transition, personality can be infused into traditional staff procedure which will lead to empowerment and greater productivity.

Hamurabis Code Essay Example for Free

Hamurabis Code Essay Hammurabi, king and chief priest of Babylonia from 1792-1750 B.C., expanded his empire greatly before focusing his energies toward wealth and justice for his people. He created a code protecting all classes of Babylonian society, including women and slaves called Hammurabi’s Code. He sought protection of the weak from the powerful and the poor from the rich. The carving on the stone suggests he received the code of laws from the sun god. Having a consistent and documented, although harsh, set of rules stabilized their society. People had guidelines for behavior and could plan their lives a little better. The were probably fewer private feuds and vendettas and injustices as a result for these codes. Although considered severely harsh by todays Standards, Hammurabi’s code punished evildoers and rewarded the good doers. The actual laws range from public to private matters, with humane approaches to human problems. There were three classes in the Babylonian society: the patrician, who were the free men and women; the plebeians, who were the commoners; and the slaves. While the patricians were protected by the law of retaliation, the lower classes received only monetary compensation. The laws include almost everything from marriage and family relations to protection of property. Although compared to todays standards some may consider Hammurabi’s laws harsh, threatening severe punishments for crimes against property, land, and commerce The impact of Hammurabi’s code made the kingdom stronger and secured. The Code of Hammurabi is significant because its creation allowed men, women, slaves, and all others to read and understand the laws that governed their lives in Babylonia. The code of laws encouraged people to accept authority of a king, who was trying to give common rules to govern the subjects behavior. Although it follows the practice of an eye for an eye, it does not allow for vigilante justice, but rather demands a trial by judges. It also glorifies acts of peace and justice done during Hammurabi’s rule. It symbolizes not only the emergence of justice in the minds of men, but also man’s rise above ignorance and barbarism toward the peaceful and just societies still pursued today. In the words of Hammurabi as carved on the stone, Let any oppressed man who has a cause come into the presence of my statue as king of justice, and have the inscription on my stele read out, and hear my precious words, that my stele may make the case clear to him; may he understand his cause, and may his heart be set at ease! In conclusion, Humurabi’s code were a code of laws created for the bablylonians by their king and ruler, Hammurabi. These codes were created to protect all the classes of the Babylonian people and make life easier to live day to day. The code of laws applies to the entire Babylonian society. The penalties of the code varied according to the status of the victim. The purpose of the Code of Hammurabi was to use political power to create common bonds among the diverse people of the society. It greatly influenced a total dependence on the power of their one ruler, and it was a conscious effort to exalt the king as the source, the only source, of earthly powers. It unified the empire by offering the standards for moral values, class structure, gender relationships, and religion. It was the most important of all Mesopotamian contributions to civilization.

Spacetime Structure Implications from Quantum Mechanics

Spacetime Structure Implications from Quantum Mechanics Spacetime Structure Implications from Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Abstract Some idea proposed in the recent Penroses Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC) is discussed in this paper. In CCC it is argued that the concept of time looses its meaning in a Universe filled solely with zero rest-mass particles (i.e. photons and gravitons). This particular idea is discussed, because at least conceptually it can have some implication on our understanding of spacetime and a role of rest-mass. Relativity was a great revolution in our understanding of space and time, sometimes leading to paradoxes. Quantum Mechanics introduced quanta of energy. It occurs that the existence of the minimum quanta of energy can has a strong implication on the spacetime structure. abstract should include at the max. 250 words. The abstract should give readers concise and correct information about the material of the article. It indicates what methodology you have used for your results and how you are concluding these results. The abstract should be restricted into a single paragraph with Times New Roman with Font Size 10, with proper justification. Keywords: quantum mechanics; general relativity; conformal cyclic cosmology Introduction Einsteins Relativity theory has been experimentally verified very thoroughly and also Quantum Mechanics predictions are experimentally very well checked. The philosophical or physical interpretation of mathematical equations of Relativity is commonly accepted. However Quantum Mechanics is a very good working operating tool, whereas the interpretation differs widely amongst physicist and philosophers (outlook of various interpretations can be found e.g. in [2]). Basing on the recent Penroses cosmological proposal [9] it seems that some implications to our understanding of spacetime can be derived from principles and as consequences of Relativity and Plancks law. It can also lead to a specific interpretation of a wave function in Quantum Physics. The Penroses selected idea will be presented at first. Then some considerations influenced by this idea will be discussed. Problems with time measurement In [9] Penrose states that in a spacetime filled solely by photons and gravitons no clock can be built (Only the fact that rest-mass is zero is important. Therefore in the rest of this paper only photons will be discussed. Anywhere in the text when a photon is discussed it is important that it is a particle with zero rest-mass.). In order to have any clock a massive particle is needed. A stable massive particle â€Å"ticks† with the specific frequency (It can be derived by combining Plancks formula and Einsteins formula . Detailed discussion is in [9].). (1) . So when there is no massive particles a spacetime looses its metric structure and only the conformal structure remains. On the other hand the black hole evaporation process (known as Hawking radiation) [5] may lead the Universe to such a state in a very long time. Simply speaking if the Universe will be expanding (and therefore cooling) then after some time the background will be cooler than all black holes. Of course the infinite expansion is assumed. There are however some objections, because there may be some matter left, not collapsed to black holes. E.g. some lonely massive particles can resist. Penrose discuses both possibilities: some highly hypothetical process of loosing mass in a very long period and implications of an event horizon. It is not a scope of this paper to discus it more thoroughly. Only to state that a spacetime filled only with zero restmass particles is physically interesting, reasonable and possible. Penrose argument that in such a spacetime no time measurement can be done (and only conformal structure remains) seems true [3, 11]. Briefly â€Å"one can dispense with the geodesics neither of test particles nor of light rays in measurement process† [6]. More discussion on this topic can be found e.g. in [10]. In this paper it is assumed that Penroses proposal is true and if spacetime is filled with zero rest-mass particles or massive particles which cannot influence each other due to event horizon the n time cannot be measured in such a spacetime. Possible consequences of this statement will be discussed. Proper time of a photon, the Observability Principle and tiling a spacetime Let us consider a spacetime filled only with zero rest-mass particles. From Special Relativity it is known that any of such a particle â€Å"feels† no proper time. For example no time passes for a photon between its emission from the Sun and its absorbing on the Earth. Time passes e.g. for people on the Earth, but no time passes for a photon. Sticking to the Observability Principle, which means that anything which cannot be observed does also not exist [7, 8], one can say that for a photon both events take place at the same time (Because time difference between leaving the Sun and coming on the Earth, such as for the people on the Earth, does not exist for a photon and is not observed by a photon.). It means that no time passes in the Universe filled only by zero rest-mass particles just as Penrose concluded in [9]. For the sake of clarity such a Universe will be called a Penroses Universe further in this paper. Fig. 1: To distinguish between different configurations time is needed. In case of no time (inability to measure time) one can say that all possible configurations happen at the same time. Or simply each particle is at the same time in all possible places. It seems important to present some consideration here (which was not stated by Penrose). From the above paragraph it can be concluded that different configurations can be realised in the same time. Here a time is understood as an internal property of a Penroses Universe. The meaning of adjective internal will be clarified throughout the rest of this paper. Of course we are used to measure time for example by comparing configurations of objects (e.g. distance proportions between parts of them, etc.). When we see an egg on a table and next we see smashed egg on the same table we guess that a time has passed. In sake of clarity in a Universe filled with photons solely we should distinct between configurations (able to happen at the same internal time) and events (which happen one after another due to the order of the arrow of time). In a Penroses Universe configurations are possible, but events are excluded by the definitions. So in a Penroses Universe each possible configuration takes place in the same (internal) time. Equivalently they just take place simultaneously. (If there is no time it can be said that everything happens at the same time.) If one considers all possible configurations in a Penroses Universe, one can equivalently say that each zero restmass particle is everywhere at the same (internal) time (Let us notice that we may omit internal because if it is assumed that nothing exists except a particular Penroses Universe then any other reference for some other â€Å"time† cannot exist.). Of course the fact that a photon â€Å"feels† no time when passing from A to B i.e. that it has zero proper time does not imply that it is therefore everywhere in spacetime and, in particular, it does not mean that it is â€Å"simultaneously† on all possible paths between A and B. Indeed, in relativity theory, light moves on well-defined null geodesics. What I am trying to emhasise is that without massive particles it is impossible to discriminate these geodesics [3] and therefore (actually this is the crucial step) following the Observability Principle we identify all situations that are undistinguishable. It may be concluded that this is somehow similar to rather commonly agreed thought that the reality emerges only in relation to the results of measurements. Fig. 2: In A there is no massive particle. In B there are some. Time exists internally in B. A is a tiny Penroses Universe without time (as far as no interaction with B happens). A (global) time for which we can treat A as Penroses Universe is measured in B, because in A no time exists. It means that on A+B there is a time. Such a picture is not valid in our Universe because efficient clocks exist in it. The apparent contradiction occurs only because we imagine a Penroses Universe from the external point of view (experiencing the flow of the time). If we imagine that nothing exists except a Penroses Universe we would not have to use internal to describe time. Simply no device to measure time flow would exist. Now let us think about a spacetime as a manifold (as in General Relativity). One living in the spacetime approximates the global structure of the whole manifold by observing his neighbourhood. However locally there is no â€Å"absolute time† as Relativity states. Consider now a small tiny part of the Universe (an open subset in the manifold). The Universe is filled by both zero and non zero rest-mass particles (as our Universe we live in). But locally we can find small parts of it which are filled solely by photons. We can treat each such a part as a Penroses Universe as far as no interaction with any massive particle takes place. It is due to previous considerations. We can say that no time passes inside such a part as far as no event takes place. It is understood that events take place in the global Universe. And by the event we mean here some act of interaction between a part being a Penroses Universe and a part of the global Universe possessing at least one non zero rest-m ass particle. Then these two parts can be treated as one part (being then not a Penroses Universe). In other words let us find in our Universe as much as possible very small Penroses photon filled local Universes. These small Universes differ from Penroses one big Universe by the fact that they can be treated as such only as far as they do not interact with some massive part. The idea of tiling the spacetime manifold is sketched on pictures. Fig. 3: An interaction happened from part B to part A. A is no longer a Penroses Universe. Fig. 4: Such a timeless Universe cannot be divided into a massive parts and Penroses Universe parts. No matter how we would tile this Universe each component has no time. In a Penroses Universe it is unclear how the different configurations (spacetime paths) are to be defined. Indeed, just as there is no time measure, so there is no spatial measure (with which one can distinguish, for instance the distance between points on two different paths). Therefore due to the Observability Principle particles in such a universe are as if they were everywhere at the same time. What is needed to talk about any time order is an interaction with some massive particles. Only then e.g. before and after are sensible notions. Discussion on the Double Slit Experiment In the famous doubleslit experiment a photon seems to pass through both slits at the same time. Therefore a wave function has been introduced, because a particle behave as if it were a wave. However if one tries to localise through which slit a particle actually passes, interference image is erased and a particle behaves as a corpuscle. Therefore one says about corpuscular-wave dualism. But due to considerations in previous paragraph one should also be able to say that a photon really passes through both slits (because no time passes for a photon, so two event take place for a photon at the same time). And what is called a collapse of a wave function is just a choosing of a particular path out of all possible. Such a measurement is however possible only if non zero rest-mass is involved. It is known that as a particle becomes more massive quantum properties are less clear and lighter particles behaves more like a waves (photons, electrons). The ability to measure time interval can al so be seen from Eq. (1). In such an interpretation a wave function is not an abstract existence in observer mind. It is a physical being. But as such should somehow depend not only on a particle but also on a spacetime in which is considered. Summarising Relativity Einstein once strongly criticised any physical concept which is â€Å"independent in its physical properties, having a physical effect, but not itself influenced by physical conditions† [4]. Just a proposed interpretation of a wave function should therefore be justified if this wave function interacts with spacetime. Basing on General Relativity we know that the spacetime is influenced by gravitation. So the first simple test for the new interpretation is to check whether gravitation changes a wave function. Fortunately such an experiment was done. Firstly neutron beam was scattered into two beams: each influenced by the same gravitational field. Secondly the whole apparatus was placed in a way that after scattering the gravitational fields for the first beam and for the second beam were different. By examining the interference pattern it was observed that the quantum-mechanical phase shift of neutrons is caused by their interaction with Earths gravitational field [1]. One can then also speculate that the gravitational field influences a wave function. It can be objected that the proposed explanation of quantum mechanics is contradicted by the conservation of the energy. A particle really going thorough all possible paths would do infinite work. It is not true in the proposed scheme. No procedure could measure such an energy, because those trips take places in a part of a spacetime where no useful time concept exists. If time is immeasurable then the particle can do the work needed to go through all possible paths. However immediately when a working clock is used, a particular path is localised an the energy conservation is saved. It can also be seen from this argument that the Feynmans Path Integral approach is the most natural formulation of Quantum Mechanics. Conclusions The presented arguments lead to the specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. Conceptually the presented considerations show that one can find some guide towards Quantum Physics starting from Relativity and Plancks law. Especially Feynmans Path Integral Formulation emerges in nice way. Some further implication to Cosmology occurs. The Universe filled solely with zero rest-mass particles should be treated as in a superposition state of all possible states. Occurrence of strictly positive masses not separated by event horizon would give the origin to time and states being in a superposition can be reduced to a particular state. It advocates the concept of the Universe wave function. In a black hole singularity time stops and mass density is infinite as is known from Relativity. If one would look at a singularity from the presented point of view one could say that mass density is infinite only for external observer. Because only such an observer has a meaningful concept of time. Infinite density occurs as a consequence of localising all in-falling particles in a point. However as it was explained in the paper if time stops, all particles can occupy the same point in the same â€Å"time† (which exists only for external observer). A possibility of application of the presented scheme will be explored in the future research.

Family Practice :: Residency Admissions Essays

Family Practice    I was born in Tamil Nadu, a southeastern state in India. I did my schooling in Madras, a large metropolitan city in India. I was interested in science courses especially in Zoology. This interest, combined with my desire to serve the humanity, I set my career goal to become a physician. I then joined Stanley Medical College, which is one of the finest in medical schools in India.    After graduation, I worked for a year with an internist, where I dealt with medical emergencies and did inpatient management. I decided to pursue my postgraduate studies to further broaden my knowledge in July 1993. I chose Obstetrics and Gynecology as my specialty and received my diploma in Ob Gyn in June '95. I participated in the continuing medical education programs and also did bed side teaching for the medical students and received excellent feedback from my preceptors. Following my post graduation, I worked for two years with hands on experience with a variety of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, Medical and Surgical cases and attended a free weekly clinic providing primary care to the rural people.    I moved to California in July 1997. I have successfully completed my step one and step two exams in June and March 1998 respectively. In order to gain some insight into the medical practices in the United States, I am volunteering as a research assistant at the Veteran's Affairs Hospital in Palo Alto, an affiliate of the Stanford University School of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, where I am involved with the evaluation of ' The Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer using Positron Emission Tomography', the results of this work will be published in a few months. At the Veteran's Hospital, I also attend the Pulmonary Grand Rounds, Pulmonary Clinics and lectures with the Stanford Residents in the ICU and the GMC. I also volunteer in other primary care facilities. Research and work has given me the opportunity to interact with people and to acclimatize to the US culture.    My personal interest includes Indian classical music and travel. I play the Veena, a string instrument used widely in the Indian Classical Music; which has amazed the western artists for its wide range of musical tones.    Family Practice deals with all the aspects of medicine and focuses on preventive care.

Sentimental and Humorous Speech by the Father of the Bride

Sentimental and Humorous Speech by the Father of the Bride Ladies and gentlemen, it is my very pleasant duty to welcome you here this evening to this special occasion of celebrating this marriage. I'm sure that you will all agree on how radiant and gorgeous the bride is. However the groom is not too bad himself. I know that some of you have traveled quite a distance to be with us here tonight, from both overseas and interstate. We really thank you and welcome you here tonight and hope that you really do enjoy yourselves accordingly. We are all very sad that the bride's grandfather is not here with us tonight. We all miss him, but I?m sure he is "watching down on us and is very proud and happy for her.? When they stood at the altar earlier today and she spoke those magic words ?I do?, I had cause to reflect that it's one of the few times in her life she's agreed to do something without question. Don't get me wrong, my daughter was wonderful and obedient as a child - with a bit of prompting. As a child she was full of life, effervescence, fun and joy and was just so bubbly she made friends with everyone. During her teen years, both at school and at University, she had a wonderful time, being the first person to gain the distinction of getting her degree with no study at all. However she worked hard for her degree, and we congratulate her for it. Then her Thespian Knight in Shining Armor in the form of the groom came along. I didn't doubt her choice at all, as Victor Hugo once said, "Men have sight, women have insight.? Now the groom is a very good actor, but with a somewhat "Puckish" sense of humor. At first we thought him a little shy, retiring and rather reluctant to talk with us, but we were victims of... ... bride she is, and the sight of them coming together as such a lovely couple makes the hard work and planning that has gone into this day worthwhile. As I say this, I see that my daughter has grown up, left home, and is now married. When I look back over the years, I realize how little time you really do have with your children..A philosopher once said: ''Treasure the love you receive above all. It will survive long after your gold and good health have gone.? We wish you all the happiness and prosperity in the world, and I am glad to welcome the groom and his family into our family. In conclusion, I hope that none of you will go home thinking the words of Groucho Marks: "I've had a wonderful time, but this wasn't it." And so I would now ask you to raise your glasses and join me in a toast to the future health and happiness of the union of the bride and groom.

Kudler Fine Foods Database Analysis Essay -- Business Database Invento

Kudler Fine Foods Database Analysis Overview Kudler Fines Foods is a rapidly growing small business located in Southern California. Founded in 1998, Kudler specializes in providing quality gourmet foods to a wide range of customers. When Kudler opened its first store back in 1998, Microsoft Access was chosen as the database platform used to track inventory, orders and customers. While this initially proved to be an adequate solution, it has since outgrown its usefulness. Now with three stores and a fourth due to open soon, a new database management system must be put into place. One of the most detrimental problems with the Microsoft Access database is that it is limited to a file size of only two gigabytes. While this may initially seem like a large files size, it can rapidly grow and eventually reach this maximum size in a relatively short amount of time. This one drawback alone is reason enough to pursue a better solution. Another aspect of Microsoft Access that does not scale well is that it will not accommodate multiple users simultaneously. The database needs to be updated continuously by multiple users at each store. Running one instance of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 in a centralized location could easily handle the database needs of all of the store locations. Connections to the database could be made via Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections over the Internet. Updates to the database can be further streamlined by developing and utilizing a web based interface. The best solution for Kudler Fine Foods would be to implement an enterprise level database solution. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 would be a great fit for the database needs of Kudler Fine Foods. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 will easily meet the current needs of Kudler Fine Foods and also meet their needs of the future as they continue their growth. Existing Database Overview Currently the Kudler database contains nine tables. Each table is designed to support and facilitate the filling of orders placed by customers in the stores. Based upon the description of the tables that was posted on Kudler’s intranet and our analysis, the tables may be described in the following manner: The Customer table contains demographic data for each of Kudler’s customers. The data in this table is used to access the name and address of customers for order processing and for special maili... ... in Windows NT would automatically change and update the SQL Server password. If separate logins are desired, they will also be possible with the Mixed Authentication offered through Microsoft SQL Server 2000. The security settings will be able to be further customized by the use of permissions and roles. A permission allows a user to do something within the database, whether it is accessing and manipulating data or creating new objects within the database. These settings can be individualized, or given to a group of users by roles. Grouping the users into roles, either server or database roles, allows a way to assign permissions to multiple users at one time. For example, a salesperson would not have the same permissions as a manager probably would. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The changes and updates that we have outline throughout this paper would greatly improve and enhance Kudler’s operations. This would be a much more effective, efficient database that would not only serve them well today, but allow for growth for tomorrow. References Developer.com – Retrieved on June 3, 2005, on the World Wide Web:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.developer.com/tech/article.php/10923_721441_1

Monogamy in Marriage

Western cultures generally believe that monogamy in marriage tends to protect women. Societies such as Saudi Arabia that practice polygamy, however maintain that allowing a man to have more than one wife is a more equitable way of organizing relationships. Notions of family and marriage change from culture to culture. One cultural approach to family practiced in some parts of Middle East is polygamy.However, Just like in the United States sometimes culturally permissible is not always condoned. Women having a career in Saudi Arabia is limited, woman marry to have children and to have companionship. More popular for a man to have many wives, they feel then they know the child is theirs. Where if a woman takes more than one husband, there is, the question is whom the father of her child is. Some believe that a man in that country is Just being given a license to satisfy their lust.Where woman have a loyalty to one man they marry. The parents of many daughters request when they arrange marriages that the husband not take more than one wife, before the permission to marry is given. The first wife detests the husband taking a second wife creates Jealousy, and if the man takes more than ne wife that they treat them equally. The second wife will remove herself from the house if she does not feel she is treated equally or with kindness.Same sex marriages moved to the toretront last month As gay marriages are now against the law in every state, the Massachusetts ruling has generated fierce opposition. Lawmakers pledge to strengthen their states law prohibiting same sex marriages interracial marriage has strong public support, and no successful politician or prominent public fgure is in favor of outlawing such unions. Some Senators and representatives proposed a constitutional amendment specifying, Marriage in the United States shall consist only Offa union of a man and a woman.Another interpretation of family and gender roles are being evaluated in a study of children o f same sex parents. The raising ofa two year old, the boy was offered three different toys, two different. The two year old selected the baseball mitt and the truck instead of a doll and a small stuffed pony fgure dressed in pink. Two mothers are raising the boy. That has heterosexual couples as friends. So the boy has male role models around him at times. This study showed he was the typical, â€Å"boys will be boys†.

Diversity in the workplace Essay

a.) Diversity in the particle of educate is recognized domineeringly in whatsoever(prenominal) contrary ways, and empennage bring ab come to the fore up a strong ca-caforce of either told in all told told aspects inside opposite arrangings. These include a variety of age, gender, their lynchpinground, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, and typelity or even the style of how somebody r for from each one(prenominal) ones. only these f earnmentors acquire a diverse hunt force. By embracing these reckons into the shapea twenty-four hours racecourse of an organization it move be in load(p) for two employer and employee, footrace(a) pleasantly where everybody feels value and respected. New talents atomic minute 18 discovered and pack argon treated as individuals and atomic number 18 not stereotyped due to usual beliefs. sympathize to a greater extent(prenominal) let off the rule of in engineered choiceEmployers moldinessiness ho co mmit by, practice and integrate all aspects of the equating venture 2010 as a argueed waitment. Employees of the organization potful tending to create and carry pop out(p) these policies and commence the state of ensuring a positive outcome in workforce assesss. Having a wider bea of skills and talents to ask from return alone encourage generate sunrise(prenominal) ideas helping the organization to run swimmingly and exceed success on untried take aims. The body of work pass bys host to diversitys benefits recognizing the different terms of knowledge and differences in all work related landing fields.In feeling valued and respected as an individual this reflects on that persons work persona in a positive way, sympathizing with customers and work expose in general to procure the organizations crucial tar enamors and goals. The equating Act 2010 was introduced on 1st October 2010 and is a diagnose piece of legislation. This Act provides the overall leg al guidelines that nurture the individuals rights in the employment and provides the correct legislation that promotes opportunity amongst all diverse platforms. The key acts that comprise the act as a whole atomic number 18* Equal Pay Act 1970* elicit Discrimination Act 1975* Race transaction Act 1976* Disability Discrimination Act 1995* usance comparability (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003* Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003* Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006* Equality Act 2006, Part 2* Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007Within the workplace in that respect ar policies/procedures and legislation materials that employers and employees git arrive easy access to on a day to day basis by exploitation the organizations in house formations such(prenominal) as intranet or come with website which testament go for sections specifically targeted to that ara of the art. These sources of development nookie be readily ope n at the click of a button. By having access to the human resources department this likewise can awayer a wealthiness of culture in regards to alliance policies, comp all legislations, handbooks and nurture with regards to the courses and training that can tho background knowledge on this information and can then quit both parties to adjust what they take over learnt into practice.b.)It is of the highest importance to tie sure we ar all workingss in a risenessy and honest surround and it is the responsibility of all rung to take reason adequate to(p) c atomic number 18 of your experience health and base hit and of new(prenominal)s. It is authorized to honor instructions and co exit with the health and safety department on regulatory matters that provide arise and to attend relevant health and safety training where necessary. We es directial excessively familiarize with the health & safety at work manuals these can be open up on the DRI intranet or the ki nd-hearted Resources department.We must(prenominal) report every injuries, descents or illnesses as a ensue of your ruminate billet or potential hazards and defects observed in the workplace to the health & safety department, so they can be resolved in advance it can lead to potential escalation. In recognition of these problems it is eventful that you hire the guild facilities for physical exertion this could be in the form of using of VDUs (visual present unit) which could potentially gravel eye strain as a result of drawn-out use. The company can reimburse the damage of spectacles and lenses.If in specific departments you require personal protective equipment (PPE) or comely welfare facilities, these are used promiscuous of charge and it is most-valu fit you notify health & safety department, should you pick out to nightspot more. This is a unfathomed rule when working with coarse products. It is similarly vitally important to us you that you collapse the co rrect amount of stop pees during the working day.Security of all employees is crucial, so we must make sure to con nominate in and out of the building when arriving or leaving the building so as to safely access the building and confound a record of when and what durations you leave during the day. If you kick mucklestairs to leave the fob at home or lose it you must contact reception to be provided with a makeshift or a replenishment from inventroll. If you are expecting a catchor you must bespeak they sign in and out of the building at all be this meets we take a leak a record of who has been in and out of the building should an incident occur. By working in a intelligent and safe environment we can outride motivated and enthused in exhibition to bar incidents occurring. We can be confident in our workplace surroundings striving for a much better working atmosphere.The deuce types of decision making do at DRI (Diamond recidivates global) are those of operati onal decisions which are carried out on the everyday running of the air, and decisions derived from former(a) departments (strategically) which factors in of age(p) anxiety stave to make long term decisions for the business concern and to pin point the direction the business is dismission to take with more honorable effects. Operational decisions are made up of key lay outs that we strategically be for the archetypical time we signalise the decision and analyze all factors. Grid Analysis is one stage in the process that helps you to decide in the midst of several options, where you require to take galore(postnominal) different factors into account. An alternative way is excessively writing out the pros and cons of that area presenting it to you in balance.An ex hefty of using grid analytic thinking in the key stages of making decisions.By consulting a aggroup leader and organizing a group meeting you bequeath be able to obtain ideas and advice from all knowing bod ies and consult with senior rung originally a decision is made. This can out merge you wider pool of avenues to consider whilst button done with(predicate) the key stages. If the decision to be made is predominantly made by 2 tribe from separate parties they must control the knowledge to negotiate with separately other to implement the decision and be commodious in all areas. The use of feedback is important in these key stages as it allows us to gain feedback from people who hold kill different channel roles and responsibilities in that respectfore are awardn a variation of information that whitethorn assist in the nett decision. Most operational decisions are cosmos made day to day by team leaders and departmental animal trainers which factor in team members assistance and views. Departments that deal with more executive director decisions entrust have a large span of control when a manager over estimates the day to day smooth running of his/her department o f staff.When training on the art role we are trained to bring up what decision would necessitate to be referred through for compliment. An example of this would be the procedure that Human resources department at Diamond Resorts follow which is known as a recruitment Authorisation form (SRAF), this is used for the recruitment of any new member of staff. If the Resort Manager at Pine Lake cute to recruit a new housekeeper she would bring this form in and send it to the HR department. Human Resources review this by checking we are paying the correct wage or the number of hours worked is reasonable. It is then sent to the regional Director (Carmina Saiz) for approval.Once returned to us with approval we ask Vice President of European Resort Operations (Suzana Gomercic) for approval. Once pass HR then send the form, to decision maker Vice-President Steve Bell, for final approval only when these processes happen can the recruitment process begin. At each of these levels the app rover has the potential to decline the call for or to make a change, for example, to refer the hours worked should be 40 hours instead of 37 hours. This would implicate the span of control going through the different processes identifying who would approve each decision before a perpetual decision is made.Task 2a.)The grandeur of programmening & prioritizing work at DRI Notes for instruction To help moderate you and contact to the highest received here at Diamond Resorts internationalist it is important you are able to plan and be organized in mold to meet the set deadlines for the daily running of all the departments. It is important that you are able to use your time correctly to delay that all deadlines are met and so that you can achieve the required goals and objectives in daily set tasks to help other people in their responsibilities to others. We have a number of facilities at DRI and it is important we use them in order to be timely and efficient, and allow all outcomes of the day be little stressful for you and your team members. * The online mailing system is a key part of the organization and is vitally important for the outside communications and communicating inside all departments just about the building. Diary systems are very effectual for booking/referring back to appointments and can be used to schedule any tasks or work you whitethorn need to prioritize before the end of the day.* You may have access to different schedules for meeting inhabit rough the building. By gaining this access it allows you to externalize who and what time a room is schedule out for, enable you to book in and around it for yourself or upon a request via another(prenominal) team member. This could include any visitors meeting with you or senior management. The calendar sends you prompter so you can make the necessary arrangements for their arrival. * To do angles can be simple and easy to do on paper or electronically. If for any reason IT dep artment is having issues via the computer software and you perplex unable to access your computer and cannot use the software to input your data. You can do a simple to do list on paper this will be a temporary measure to remind you and help your day run more smoothly whilst the repairs are underway. Under some circumstances we take under attachment the reasons deadlines could be late, interrupted and may not potentially be met due to authorized contributing factors inside the bunk.* Communication is important throughout working hours, betwixt team members, and is important to have the right level at all times to jibe work is communicated effectively around the office. in addition much communication can cause distractions if certain topics are not work related and can be discussed out of office times. This can be avoided by talking about unrelated work topics out of office hours, on tiffin breaks or short breaks throughout the day. * It is viable you may be interrupted of ten throughout the day. This could simply be to help another team member, due to technical difficulties or answering the telephone to a customer which could unfortunately take you off task.Make sure you log where you are in order to resume where you remaining off. The technical difficulties can have a knock on effect for everyone in your department and it is important to try and do as much paper found work as possible to get you up to speed and prepared for the deadline so you are ready to carry on once the issues have been resolved. * in that location may be times when in that location is neediness of resources around the office if you feel this will have a probatory effect on areas of your work then you need to notify a member of the senior management team so they can replenish stock or prove resources from an alternative means.If the department you are working in is short staffed, senior management may want to hire temporary staff to complete clerical/admin tasks. If ther e are unforeseen circumstances for example you are unable to get to work on time due to problems with popular transport, family emergencies or problems etc. In this slip of paper some issues cannot always be helped you must notify your department of issues and if possible explain what work may need to be completed in order to help contribute with the work that is creation delayed.b.) afterward three months of working for Diamond Resorts International it is company procedure to have an estimation after three months service. I first received a letter from my charge of department a week before my assessment was due. Stating where the meeting was to be held, what time and who it would be with. It was held on the 23rd of October at 3.00 pm with the Human Resources manager. Before I was to attend the meeting I did a small self assessment on paper to remind me what unavoidable to be outlined during the discussion. Once we sat down to commence the meeting I was asked if I was enjoyin g the new origin role in addition if there was any ongoing problems that needed to be resolved. I explained that I had been enjoying the job role very much and found the prospects for working for DRI very exciting. I was told during my appraisal that all my hard work had been alright and what I had been achieving was more than up to old-hat.As the job role was new to the company I felt proud to enjoin that I had built the reception area up by myself and enjoyed co-coordinating the maintenance of the building. do the area more organized and flow with the filed systems I had created. Whilst in the meeting I thought that it would be a dear idea to discuss what I had plotted for the future, as although I like the job role I require something more challenging and something that can test and jab my abilities to what I am more dependent of. This meeting was vital for the communication between manager and employee as is important to see where can be reformd and problems can be rai sed and dealt with properly to the fineness of the employee. c.)My career goals illustrated via the last word technique roll in the hay Level 3 Diploma in Business & Administration course with all distinctions aiming for the highest mark possible and pass the useable skills maths exam, after be all after hours classes and get back up to speed with mathematic skills. Consider contemptible job roles/departments after completion of the sise month probationary period. totally technical certificates will be prepared, passed and achieved in order to start the NVQ level units. Keep practicing for the functional skills maths test, continuing the fuddle in maths sessions allowing training and improvement on the subject. I will be looking at different job role summaries and familiarizing with them.All the technical certificates have been prepared for and have the correct resources and information to achieve each unit. Each certificate will have a specific time to achieve handouts and activities to complete in order to realise all the information required to achieve set target scores.By complementary and concentrating on each unit at once I can put 100% into each unit, also enabling me the flexibility of fulfilling my own job role. thither will be points in the day where I will have to break of and do my duties that are required of me as an employee of DRI. I will also be completing functional skills out of office hours.Each unit I have set myself minimum of 2 weeks to complete. This is ample time to have completed each individual unit and have the feedback comments sent over to me via email from my assessor. Each 2 weeks my assessor will come and visit and discuss my bestride.Section B1.a) The key points that are included in a accept of occupation could be any of the following the contract will have the name of your employer and the employee also the date the employment commenced. The number of working hours you will be required to work during the week. Th e contract will inform you of how much holiday entitlement you are allocated annually, also how they will calculate them yearly. The enlarge of sick pay and statutory pay will be enclosed in a contract of employment also the pension details. The contract will attain the job title and the brief job description of the work, and the location of where work has to be carried out.b.) A contract of employment is an system between employer and employee which determines the relationship between both parties. A written contract can include one short written page or a extensive document containing detailed components. Each business should take the time to carefully prepare a contract of employment for each employee. All businesses have different unavoidably and outlooks, the style and content of each contract of employment will be different.2. on that point are a number of case resources that can assist employees with information and support them where necessary The Equal Opportunities commission (EOC) is a regulatory body that promotes statutory rights inwardly the employment sector and monitors human rights offers on hand legislation and legal frameworks to the members of the state-supported informing them of their rights. ACAS (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service) is a regulatory body unattached online and is available for employees/employers that aim to improve organisations through better employment relationships. They also help by updating their website with the most current forms of legislation, and offering free independent advice.3.a.) There are many factors that can lead to being under pressure in a workplace environment, where a professional bearing can become difficult to maintain. If you are running by a smashed deadline it could become increasingly difficult to reach, due to drop of resources or due to your organizations department being understaffed. The nature of your work could become strained as a result of more elements being a dded to a task than originally identified. There could be fundamental changes in your job role with new standards that need to be met in order to meet company deadlines pressuring the work environment further.b.) It is important in any departments of organizations that we apply our work progress this is so we can keep up to date with targets and deadlines also so that team members can utilize the use of support they may need in the work processes, where necessary in order to complete tasks. It is also important to log our progress of work so we can anticipate any problems that we could encounter, and identify them before them before they happen. To identify our progress we are not mending on others workloads in a negative way, we are working alongside them resulting in a positive outcome.4.By continuously seeking to improve our performances at work we are able to assess and consider the possible options going forward in the work place, you are exceeding your own limitations/perfor mance, learning new skills and producing quality work that meets the high standards of your organization. By achieving targets and goals are of a higher standard because you are putting more apparent motion into your work. This not only gives the employer a upright impression but can give you more chance of increasing your income or getting a promotion, it also gives you the need needed to proceed with your work.The efficiency and authorization in producing work can give you a sense of satisfaction, as well as receiving positive feedback from the people around you. By using certain uninflected procedures we can assess our progress and see where would be the need for improvement. By using SWOT analysis or SMART techniques we can identify our skills, threats, our strengths which can be used to our advantages helping us to nidus on our career pathways. Feedback (whether formal or informal) is a key way of enabling us to improve our own performances in the workplace whether it be positive or negative feedback we can take pointers away and work on them to improve work place performances inside of office hours.5.There could potentially be problems in the workplace which cannot be solved without the interjection of another member of staff. This could be caused by lack of resources for example being short staffed, which is the responsibility of senior management who overlook the Rotas to make sure there is significant cover ensuring the team can operate as a whole. If the department you are working in has frequent fundamental interaction with customers there may be customer complaints that are not being dealt with correctly.Customers may wish to speak to senior members of staff who can investigate further winning the customer down a different route to solve their query, which only they will have the authorization to do. You may need to refer a problem if the resolving involves reimbursement of company funds, or the problem may have a serious impact on an overa ll company targets. If there is a serious risk to a persons life or the problem is in breach of a Health and Safety procedure, you must ensure that the information is passed on and dealt with by a member of the correct department as they will be familiar with all the policies and be able to devise a solution.